Types of Personal Injury Damages

Personal injury damages are divided into two main categories: economic and non-economic. Understanding the difference helps you know what to expect in a claim.

Economic Damages

• Medical costs
• Lost wages
• Property damage

Non-Economic Damages

• Pain and suffering
• Emotional distress
• Loss of companionship

In some cases, punitive damages are awarded to punish extreme negligence. An attorney can help determine what damages apply to your case.

How Insurance Companies Evaluate Injury Claims

Insurance adjusters look for ways to reduce the value of your claim. They may downplay injuries or question how the accident happened. Knowing their tactics helps you prepare.

What They Consider

• Severity of injuries
• Medical treatment history
• Statements made after the accident
• Who was at fault

Letting a lawyer handle the communication can protect your rights and prevent you from saying something that hurts your case.

Lost Income and Future Earning Potential

If your injury affects your ability to work, you may be entitled to compensation for both past wages and future earning capacity. These damages are especially important for serious or permanent injuries.

What’s Included

• Missed paychecks
• Lost bonuses or benefits
• Changes in career or ability to work
• Reduced earning potential

Calculating future income losses often requires expert analysis. Your attorney may work with financial or vocational experts to estimate your long-term losses.

Punitive Damages in Personal Injury Cases

Punitive damages are not about compensating the victim — they’re meant to punish the wrongdoer and deter future misconduct. They apply in cases involving gross negligence or intentional harm.

Examples

• Drunk driving accidents
• Medical fraud or cover-ups
• Defective products knowingly sold

These damages are rare and often require a court case. A lawyer can tell you if your case qualifies for punitive compensation.

Tax Implications of Injury Settlements

Most personal injury settlements are tax-free — but there are exceptions. Knowing what is and isn’t taxable helps you plan ahead and avoid surprises.

Generally Not Taxed

• Compensation for physical injury or illness
• Medical expenses

May Be Taxed

• Interest on settlements
• Punitive damages
• Emotional distress not linked to a physical injury

A tax advisor or lawyer can help you navigate IRS rules and keep more of your settlement.